Panic Disorder

Panic attacks can occur for no apparent reason, or when in a certain situation. The attack usually makes the person believe that they are either seriously ill or about to die, and can leave the person feeling distressed or shaken for quite a while afterwards. Panic attacks are quite common and can occur in approximately 1 in 10 people at some stage of their life.

Symptoms:

The signs and symptoms of a panic attack can include:

• sweating
• shortness of breath
• heart palpitations
• chest discomfort
• unsteady feelings
• choking or smothering sensations
• tingling
• hot or cold flashes
• faintness
• trembling
• nausea or abdominal distress
• feelings of unreality
• fear of losing control, dying or going insane

Causes

The causes of panic attacks and panic disorder are not known, but life events or biological causes have shown to be the most common causes. Life events may cause panic disorder by disrupting what was normal life, for example, the death of someone close, or a stressful life-changing event. Biological causes may be the result of chemical imbalances or changes in the brain. This theory is still being researched, but it is believed that low levels of serotonin may be one of the causes of panic attacks and panic disorder.

Treatments

Treatment of panic disorder is usually very effective and may, in some cases, only require an explanation and advice from your doctor. However, the use of drug and counselling type therapy is also useful and may be required. Antidepressant or tranquillising medication may be used or cognitive behavioural therapy in a therapy type situation.

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